Cultural heritage landscape in order to cultural ecosystem service

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Faculty of the Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Cultural heritage landscapes present historical and cultural civilization signs and legacies in its exceptional surroundings and landscape which considered today as a necessary incentive to attract cultural tourists. This study points to propose a conceptual analysis of cultural inheritance and how they are linked to the concepts of landscape, heritage and identity within landscape ideas. It also discusses how these cultural landscapes can be measured and incorporated into spatial and physical training. The cultural heritage conservation matter provides tools for reaching suitable solutions for sustainable development based on the culture of people and geographical region. A region of southern districts in Iran, especially villages or historical grounds that is linked to landscapes, as one of famous spectacular cultural landscapes that express historical values and ecosystem that some of them are so unique in the world. This paper expresses issues of cultural Urbanism and landscape and Using a quantities research approach to solve the main aspects of sustainable development in one of the cultural heritage landscapes in the name of Harireh historical city which is located nearby to Persian Gulf already and popular with visitors and has featured in official tourism development plans and ways to getting best strategy for saving.

Keywords


Banerjee, T.; Southworth, M., (2014). City Sense and City Design, MIT Press Publisher, 138-145.
Selman, P., (2012). Sustainable landscape planning: the reconnection agenda Abingdon: earth scan/routledge.sexson, L., (1992). Ordinarily sacred studies in religion and culture, Charlottesville: University of Virginia Publisher. 198.
Mitchell, W.J.T., (1994). Landscape and power, Chicago: University of Chicago Publisher, 145.
James, P. E.;  Martin, G., (1981). All possible worlds: a history of geographical ideas journal, New York: John Wiley& Sons.
Lewis, P., (1979). Axioms for reading the landscape. some guides to the American scene’ in  Meaning, D.W., (Ed.), the interpretation of ordinary landscapes. geographical essays New York: Oxford University Publisher, 142.
Livingstone, D., (1992). the geographical tradition. Oxford: Blackwell Publisher, 120.
Boehler ,W.; Scherer Y; Siebold .M.; Mainz F., (2002). Topographic information in cultural and natural heritage visualization and animation retrieved, No. 8.
Reeves .W, (2001). Cultural heritage landscapes: A backgrounder with implications and potential, Directions for Toronto. City of Toronto, parks and recreation division.
Millennium Assessment, (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: current state and trends: Findings of the Conditions and Trends Working Group. In: Hassan. R.; Scholes. R., 2(1): 210-230.
Birnbaum Charles .A., (1994). Protecting cultural landscapes : planning, treatment and management of historic landscapes., preservation brief 36. Washington, DC: National Park Service, USA.
National Parks Service., (2002). Historic landscape initiative: defining landscape terminology, 125.
Connolly, P., (2004). Embracing openness: making landscape urbanism landscape,  architectural: part 2, in The Mesh Book: Landscape, Draft Book.
Waldheim, C., (2006). Landscape as urbanism : in general theory, in the landscape urbanism reader (ed.).
Cybriwsky. R., (1978). “Social aspects of neighborhood change”. Annals Association Am. Geographers. 68.
Ford, L., (1985). “Urban morphology and preservation in Spain, J. Geo. Rev., 3(1): 114-120.
Carmona, M.; Heath,T; Tiesdall,S., (2003). Public places urban spaces, New York: architectural Press. a guide to many different aspects of urban design; it presents some of the essential dimensions of urban design theory and practice.
Turner, M.G., (1989). Landscape ecology: the effect of pattern on process. annual review of ecology and systematics, 20.
Lewicka, M., (2008). Place attachment, place identity, and place memory: restoring the forgotten city past, J. Environ. Psycho., 28(1): 209–231.
Graumann, C.F., (2002). The phenomenological approach to people–environment studies. In: Bechtel, R.B., Churchman, A. (Eds.), handbook of environmental psychology. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 54.
Harrison, R., (2010). Understanding the politics of heritage. Manchester University publisher, Manchester. 45.
Jokilehto, J.; Cameron, C., (2008). The world heritage list: what is OUV: defining the outstanding universal value of cultural world heritage properties. Ba¨ ssler Verlag, Berlin. 120.
Jorgensen, A.; Keenan, R. (Eds.), (2011). Urban wildscapes. Routledge, New York. Jones, M., Stenseke, M. (Eds.). The European landscape convention: challenges of participation. Springer Verlag, Dordrecht.
Munoz Vin, S., (2005). Contemporary theory of conservation. Elsevier Butter- Worth-Heinemann, Oxford. 120.
Harrison, R., (2010). Understanding the politics of heritage. Manchester University publisher, Manchester.
Riksantikvaren, R., (2009). Urban heritage analysis. A handbook about DIVE. Riksan- tikvaren, Oslo.250
Dela Torre, M., (2002). Assessing the values of cultural heritage. research report, Los Angeles, Getty Conservation Institute, 268.
Ashworth, G.J.; Graham, B.J.; Tunbridge, J.E., (2007). Pluralizing pasts: heritage, identity and place in multicultural societies. Pluto publisher, London, 357.
Smith, L., (2006). Uses of heritage. Routledge, New York, 256.
Waterton, E.; Smith, L.; Campbell, G., (2006). The utility of discourse analysis to heritage studies: the burra charter and social inclusion. Int. J. Heritage Stud., 12: 339–355.
Rapoport, A., (1969). House Form and Culture, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 123.
Rapoport, A., (1990). The meaning of the built environment. A nonverbal communication approach. Tucson: University of Arizona publisher, 89.
Scholes, R.; Biggs, R.; Palm, C.; Duraiappah, A., (2010). Assessing state and trends in ecosystem services and human well-being. In: Ash, N., et al. (Eds.), Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: A Manual for Assessment Practitioners. Island publisher, Washington,158.
Ash, N.; Blanco, H.; Brown, C.; Garcia, K.; Henrichs, T.; Lucas, N.; Raudsepp-Hearne; Simpson, R.D.; Scholes, R.; Tomich, T.P.; Vira, B.; Zurek, M. (Eds.), (2010). Ecosystems and human well-being: A manual for assessment practitioners. Island publisher, Washington, 58.
Price, C., (2008). Landscape economics at dawn: an eye-witness account. J. Landscape. Res. No 33.
Knez, I., (2006). Autobiographical memories for places, place and the self: an autobiographical memory synthesis, J. Philo. Psycho., 4(1): 256-268.
Akbari, S., (2009). Outlook on sustainable design in rural areas, 1st national Conference on Housing and Rural Development, J. Basic and Appl. Sci. Res., 9: 257-264.
Ghobadian, V., (2003). Climatic analysis of the traditional Iranian buildings, chapter 5, Tehran university publisher.