Iranian Sustainable Building Scientific Association International Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability 2538-1628 7 01 2026 05 01 Efficiency Model for Pedestrian Overpasses Based on Movement Behavioral Patterns Using Game Theory 112 127 736736 10.22034/ijumes.2026.2085789.1356 EN Ahmad Homayouni Department of Civil Engineering, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Hassan Divandari Department of Civil Engineering, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Kamran Rahimov Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technical and Engineering, University of Eyvanekey, Eyvanekey, Iran Hooman Rahimi Department of civil engineering, ShQ.C, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods, Iran Journal Article 2026 02 17 Urban pedestrian infrastructure continues to pose a fundamental challenge in contemporary transportation and urban design research, particularly with regard to the gap between engineering provision and actual user behavior. Pedestrian overpasses are frequently underutilized despite their intended safety benefits, revealing a critical disconnect between physical design logic and behavioral decision-making. This study addresses the problem of how pedestrian bridge efficiency can be meaningfully evaluated beyond conventional engineering standards by incorporating behavioral, perceptual, and strategic dimensions of route choice. The primary objective is to develop a multidimensional analytical model the Pedestrian Bridge Efficiency Index (PPEI) grounded in game theory and movement behavioral patterns. The methodology adopts a sequential mixed-methods design integrating a four-round Delphi expert consultation, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) weighting, and agent-based computational simulation. Theoretical foundations draw from the Theory of Planned Behavior, environmental psychology, spatial movement analysis, and non-cooperative game theory, conceptualizing pedestrian–vehicle interaction as a strategic decision environment governed by bounded rationality. Findings from the Delphi process converged on six high-consensus indicators: Safety Level, Pedestrian–Vehicle Separation, Distance from Urban Nodes, Connection to Pedestrian Paths, Perceived Safety, and Total Crossing Time. FAHP weighting confirmed Safety Level (w = 0.22) and Pedestrian–Vehicle Separation (w = 0.20) as the dominant efficiency determinants, together accounting for 42% of the composite index. The study concludes that pedestrian bridge efficiency is an emergent behavioral property shaped by the interaction of spatial design, human cognition, and traffic dynamics. Future bridge planning should prioritize perceptual safety and spatial integration as primary design objectives, informed by behavioral modeling tools. https://www.ijumes.com/article_736736_b2adecbf801299865ed7e077f7087b05.pdf