Iranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286220250401Exploring the Social Dimension of Community Resilience Against Air Pollution: Assessment and System Thinking in Tehran’s District Six11472496810.22034/ijumes.2025.2052874.1290ENShayanEstifaeiM.Sc., Construction Management and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Independent Researcher, Tehran, Iran0009-0003-3858-470XGhazalehGoodarziPhD in Urbanism, Department of Urbanism, Faculty of Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-7342-5198Seyed AliRazavian AmreiPh.D., Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Payame Noor University (PNU), P.O. Box, 19395-3697 Tehran, Iran0000-0002-3344-8069Journal Article20250207Urban air pollution is a major environmental challenge that poses serious threats to public health and the resilience of urban communities. Traditional assessment approaches often overlook the complex interactions within urban systems and their long-term consequences. This study focuses on Tehran’s District 6, aiming to evaluate the relationship between air pollution and urban resilience, particularly among vulnerable social groups. A structured quantitative and spatial analysis was conducted using air quality data from the year 2024. The analysis focused on key pollutants including nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and ozone. These data were integrated with Sentinel-5P satellite imagery through a geographic information system to assess spatial distribution patterns. Social and demographic indicators such as population, population density, number of households, and vulnerability of specific groups were overlaid to identify zones of increased exposure. The results showed that pollution levels in District 6 frequently surpassed acceptable thresholds, especially in densely populated areas. High-risk zones were identified where vulnerable populations including children, the elderly, and women of reproductive age face elevated exposure. These patterns suggest significant disparities in how environmental risks affect different social groups, raising concerns about social resilience in the face of persistent air pollution. While the study reveals important insights into the spatial and social dimensions of air pollution, it also highlights the complexity of assessing urban resilience. Future research should adopt a multidimensional framework that reflects the unique social, environmental, and institutional context of each urban area. Moreover, integrating economic tools such as cost-benefit analysis is essential for evaluating the feasibility and impact of policy responses.https://www.ijumes.com/article_724968_d8e665e25f2d05de4a90adda97f7d193.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286220250401The effect of architectural design on reducing anxiety in schizophrenia patients: An investigation of familiar cognitive patterns in therapeutic spaces152872527810.22034/ijumes.2025.2051331.1286ENMohammadKaveh BaghbahadoraniPh.D. Candidate, Department of Architecture, Ki.C., Islamic Azad University, Kish, IranHamidrezaAmeri SiyahoyiAssociate Professor, Department of Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Payam Noor University, Hormozgan, Iran0009-0003-6743-6060VahdanehFooladiAssistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranMastoorehSedaghatAssociate Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250225Architectural design plays an important role in promoting the mental health of patients, especially those with schizophrenia, and recent studies show that design elements such as natural light, natural landscapes, soothing color combinations, and familiar cognitive patterns can help reduce anxiety and improve the mental state of these patients. Examining the effect of designing therapeutic environments on reducing anxiety in schizophrenic patients, focusing on cognitive patterns, can be useful in improving the targeted structure in the context of healing architecture. The aim of the present study is to explain and evaluate a design model for therapeutic spaces based on familiar cognitive patterns. The present study is a descriptive-analytical study with an applied purpose, which will further examine the effect of architectural design on reducing anxiety in schizophrenic patients. The research data collection tool was the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) questionnaire before and after observing the designed spaces, and the statistical population included 30 patients with schizophrenia at the Omid Farda Center in Tehran. The findings show that using this model can effectively reduce anxiety in schizophrenia patients and improve their quality of life. The final results indicate that designs based on familiar patterns were significantly (p < 0.001) effective in reducing the level of anxiety in patients. In future studies, the internal relationships between the research indicators can be examined and their significance can be examined.https://www.ijumes.com/article_725278_04623097e8e03f89f3b9fabe2c368eaa.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286220250701Identification and validation of factors affecting smart governance for the future Tehran in the horizon of 2050294772527910.22034/ijumes.2025.2056705.1302ENVahidAraeiAssistant Professor, Department of Public Administration and Public Policy, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-9987-2252PanteaGhaffariPh.D. in futures studies, kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-5166-2616Journal Article20250326Smart governance has emerged as a critical framework for addressing the complex urban challenges of metropolises like Tehran, which faces severe issues including traffic congestion, environmental degradation, inefficient resource management, inadequate service delivery, and limited citizen engagement. This research aims to identify and validate the factors affecting smart governance for future Tehran in the horizon of 2050, providing a comprehensive framework to guide urban transformation. This study employed a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative document analysis with a quantitative Delphi technique. Through purposive sampling, 22 experts with advanced degrees in management and minimum 5-10 years of relevant experience participated in semi-structured interviews until theoretical saturation was reached at 16 interviews. Subsequently, a two-round Delphi survey was conducted to validate the identified factors, with Kendall’s coefficient used to measure expert consensus. Results revealed three primary dimensions of smart governance: political vision (8 main themes, 38 sub-themes including legal considerations, smart planning, and political governance integration), economic vision (8 main themes, 51 sub-themes covering optimal capacity building, revenue integration, and smart cost management), and socio-cultural vision (7 main themes, 39 sub-themes focusing on citizen participation, electronic education, and accountability). A Kendall’s coefficient of 0.507 confirmed strong expert consensus on these dimensions. The highest rated factors included leadership at the head of urban affairs (8.91), improvement of urban spaces (8.94), and smart budgeting for economic planning (8.68). The findings provide a comprehensive framework that can guide Tehran’s transformation toward smart urban governance by 2050, emphasizing that successful implementation requires integration of technological systems with governance structures and human factors. The study demonstrates that smart governance must address political, economic, and socio-cultural dimensions simultaneously to be effective in Tehran’s context. Future research should examine implementation challenges across different urban contexts in Iran and develop quantitative metrics to measure smart governance effectiveness in developing metropolises.https://www.ijumes.com/article_725279_0add049e5240fe9719d897e7cd92c89b.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286220250611Thermal performance of smart canopy and natural ventilation in atriums in Tehran486672528010.22034/ijumes.2025.2030424.1218ENAhmadrezaKeshtkar GhalatiAssistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-6916-380XMaryamFarahkhizDepartment of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Rassam Institute of Higher Education, Karaj, IranJournal Article20240527Atriums are central glass-roofed spaces that are usually considered closed and controlled spaces in multi-story buildings. This research aims to compare the effectiveness of adding an intelligent canopy and natural ventilation in the efficiency of atriums. For this purpose, an atrium has been selected in the educational space in Tehran. In this regard, Design Builder software has been simulated and Energy Plus engine has been used for calculations. The results showed that the energy consumption in the building with the atrium in the form of a circular plan and a flat cap is equal to 207.1 (MWh). Also, with the integration of the smart canopy in the atrium, the energy of the building was 201.33 (MWh), which decreased by 5.77 (MWh). This means that with the integration of the smart canopy in the atrium, the energy of the building has been reduced by about 3%. In the conditions of using natural ventilation, the energy of the building was 173.39 (MWh), compared to the integration of the canopy without natural ventilation, the energy of the building decreased to a significant amount of 27.94 (MWh), which seems to be a proper option considering the low cost of using natural ventilation.https://www.ijumes.com/article_725280_c3ccbb65e574ffe4217e973e13bd537f.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286220250703Presenting a conceptual model in architectural design education, considering the effective factors of activism678572573210.22034/ijumes.2025.2047914.1281ENMahsaBabapourPhD researcher in Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.0009-0007-9898-8502ParisaAlimohammadiAssistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.MehrdadMatinAssistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tehran Central Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6165-891XJournal Article20241210Activism, as a fundamental concept in various disciplines, particularly architecture, refers to designers’ sensitivity to social, political, economic, and environmental conditions. This awareness encourages designers to focus more on these elements in their design processes. Nevertheless, a primary challenge in architectural education is the ineffective transmission of activism-related concepts to students. In many curricula, discussions on activism are often unproductive and oversimplified.This research is divided into two main sections. The first section examines key resources in architectural education and activism, analyzing the perspectives of influential thinkers. The second section presents a conceptual model developed through data collection from experts, aimed at enhancing the educational process in architectural design. This model seeks to identify and strengthen factors crucial for teaching activism.It is anticipated that the findings will contribute to optimizing university curricula. Finally, suggestions for future research on activism in architectural education will be proposed.https://www.ijumes.com/article_725732_0b25a0b8c758da9f2c72d71c3d1f350d.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286220250401Explaining a sustainable urban regeneration model with an approach to improving the quality of urban space8610372666710.22034/ijumes.2025.2061781.1312ENSeldaNazariDepartment of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran0009-0009-3231-020XJournal Article20250220Urban areas are continually evolving, facing increasing pressures from environmental, social, and economic challenges. Developing a sustainable urban regeneration model that prioritizes the enhancement of urban space quality is essential for creating resilient, vibrant, and livable cities for current and future generations. The urban regeneration approach, as a dynamic process of restoration and renovation of urban fabrics, is based on the concept of sustainable developmen,. The aim of this study is to explain the main indicators affecting the concept of urban regeneration with the approach of optimizing urban spaces. This research is of a descriptive-analytical type, which aims for development, but its fundamental characteristic can be highlighted, particularly in explaining the depth of the theoretical foundations, as well as the proposed model and framework. The method of data collection involves both library and field methods, utilizing references such as the architecture departments of academic institutions and international data sources, along with field-level observations. First, after examining the theoretical foundations and the research history in two dimensions procedure and content emphasis is placed on clarifying the objective without repetition. Factors are then extracted as the result of the research framework, and the Delphi method is used to propose final indicators in the form of a model. The findings show 7 most significant factors are greenery, employment, investment, citizen engagement, amenities, stakeholder involvement and pollution control. Finally, the presented structural model underscores that sustainable urban regeneration is not the result of isolated actions but a coordinated effort across multiple domains.https://www.ijumes.com/article_726667_366885afdfa255c7083728f4bc697d61.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286220250808Explaining the effective indexes in the restoration of the natural landscape (Case Study: ancient Iranian historical bridges)10412372822410.22034/ijumes.2025.2063285.1315ENFatemehRostamiDepartment of Architecture, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-4693-9131GhazalKeramatiDepartment of Architecture, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-1029-2495HosseinSoltan ZadehDepartment of Architecture, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-0239-1397Journal Article20250427Historical buildings, especially architectural structures such as bridges, hold a special place in architecture and the natural landscape, reflecting humanity's ability to combine art and function. Currently, many restoration projects in third-world countries are carried out without adequate attention to natural landscape and architectural indexes, leading to a decrease in the cultural and aesthetic values of the monuments. Meanwhile, throughout history, the architecture of ancient Iranian bridges has played a significant role not only as functional structures but also as cultural and artistic symbols in shaping the natural and cultural landscape of the region. The aim of this study is to examine and develop effective indexes for restoring the natural landscape of ancient Iranian historical bridges. This research is analytical with a practical purpose. The paradigm of the study is interpretive, and the research design is qualitative. Data collection was conducted through library and documentary methods. Initially, content analysis and inductive reasoning were used, followed by a participatory decision-making approach utilizing the fuzzy Delphi model. The findings indicate that conservation of architectural elements, restoration standards, and resilient materials rank highest, with scores of 23.4, 19.4, and 16.4, respectively, in finalizing the model. The conclusion is that the identified indicators should be assessed collectively and simultaneously so that restoration projects can maintain their durability, sustainability, and cultural identity in the long term, and the natural landscape of historic bridges can be properly preserved and restored. Future studies could explore the internal and structural relationships among the indicators.https://www.ijumes.com/article_728224_927b8cd24017eac77a4c979fb2492898.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286220250724The evolution of Iranian architectural technology with regard to modern technology in the use of building materials12414072748410.22034/ijumes.2025.2066593.1318ENAzadehGhiassinejadPh.D. Student, Department of Architecture, International Kish Campus, University of Tehran, Kish, Iran0009-0004-9699-9628Journal Article20250402In this study, the challenges and opportunities for technological development in Iranian architecture have been examined. Major obstacles include economic limitations, lack of technical infrastructure, deficiencies in workforce training, and the absence of cohesive standards, which slow down the progress of modern technologies in construction. Conversely, rich cultural heritage, climatic diversity, digital technologies, and international collaborations offer significant opportunities to overcome these barriers. The current research is analytical in nature and aimed at practical application. Data collection was conducted through documentary and library sources, utilizing recent reports and resources on Iranian architecture. Initially, the study employing content analysis explores fundamental concepts, and through inductive reasoning, examines and scrutinizes composite concepts. Findings indicate that utilizing indigenous construction materials, innovative designs, and technologies such as BIM and parametric design can reduce costs and enhance cultural identity. Consequently, to effectively support this process, developing a comprehensive national program with standardization, financial policies, promoting specialized education, and establishing research and development institutions are essential. Regional and international collaborations and the development of a competitive environment also play a crucial role in accelerating technology and elevating architectural projects. The integration of these policies and actions paves the way for achieving sustainable, innovative, and identity-driven architecture, outlining a sustainable and progressive future for Iranian architectural art.https://www.ijumes.com/article_727484_c983534be33b817dc429c153f692527d.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286220250821Explaining the indexes affecting the formation of the architectural pattern of Iranian residential buildings based on the philosophy of structuralism in Qajar, Pahlavi and contemporary periods14115872854510.22034/ijumes.2025.2041679.1258ENAlirezaAfshounPh.D. Candidate, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran0009-0009-4787-8092HadiKeshmiriAssociate Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Shiraz Branch, Shiraz, Iran0000-0001-9992-0090KhosroMovahedAssociate Professor,of Architecture The University of the District of Columbia, Department of Architecture and Urban Sustainability, Columbia, USA0000-0003-0609-1815Journal Article20240922Iranian architecture in different periods, under the influence of philosophy of structuralism, has had different readings, the most obvious of which in the three periods of Qajar, Pahlavi and after the 1979 Iranian revolution, has led to the production of numerous buildings that, depending on their type, have interacted with Iranian behavioral patterns and culture in residential use. This research is of a descriptive-analytical type, which has a development aim, but its fundamental characteristic can be pointed out, especially in explaining the depth of the theoretical foundations, the proposed model and framework. The method of collecting information is in the form of a library and field from references such as the architecture department of academic institutions and international data and at the field level. First, after examining the theoretical foundations as well as the history of the research in the two dimensions of procedure and content, where there is an emphasis on clarifying the aim, not repeating it, factors are extracted as the result of the research framework and using the Delphi method as the final indicators proposed in the form of a model. The results of the Delphi method indicate that the spatial hierarchy index, climatic adaptability, and spatial connectivity have the most impact with an average score of 4.52, 4.51, and 4.32, respectively, and the main model has the impact of structuralist philosophy on the architecture of residential buildings in three periods.https://www.ijumes.com/article_728545_c9ee3341b9177c066d5cc14b5c1fbf0b.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286220250824Explaining the model of key indexes affecting the psychological interactions between the designer and the user, with an approach based on sensory and visual perception of virtual space in architecture15917172861410.22034/ijumes.2025.2068123.1320ENAliModaberianPh.D. Candidate, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IranSaharToofanAssociate Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-1298-513XNimaValizadehAssistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran0000-0001-9711-460XJournal Article20250502Cyberspace, as a new platform in the field of architecture, has provided the possibility of space creation, design, and evaluation of architectural projects in a digital platform. In this regard, one of the most important issues is creating a suitable platform for interaction between the user and the designer with a perceptual approach. This research is analytical-descriptive and applied in purpose, and the method of data collection is library and documentary. First, the initial concepts were examined using the content analysis method to examine the cause-and-effect relationships forming concepts, and then, the application of cyberspace technology in architecture as a learning environment was examined and the initial model was presented based on the initial effective factors. Finally, using the fuzzy Delphi method and using an elite panel of 15 people, in 4 rounds, using the Google Pot tool, the questionnaire was sent and its feedback was examined with regard to changes in accuracy and Kendall coefficient at each stage, and finally the final indicators were presented. The findings indicate that the design quality, userdesigner interaction, and user interface indicators with average scores of 4.72, 4.52, and 4.51, respectively, have the highest scores and, consequently, the greatest impact on the realization of the mechanism model extraction. Consequently, this research presents a comprehensive picture of the type of impact of the concepts and components of psychological interactions and the impact of technology in cyberspace in architecture with a perceptual approach resulting in explaining appropriate infrastructure and creating a technology platform in academic environments. In studies, the relationships between the presented indicators can be examined and each case can be evaluated in case studies and the results can be generalized.https://www.ijumes.com/article_728614_b9e5935702c4324e642be24b720d280c.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286220250423Studying the effect of wall materials on thermal comfort of traditional residential buildings in hot and dry climates (Case studied: Dehdashti and Sartipi House)17218672302010.22034/ijumes.2025.2057552.1306ENKimiyaSayadi Seyed MahalehPh.D. Candidate, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, IranRezaOryaninejadAssistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran0000-0002-8967-8699Journal Article20250119This research examines the internal thermal comfort of historical houses in Isfahan from the Qajar period, focusing on the impact of wall materials. In Iran's hot and dry climate, houses must be designed to protect against direct sunlight and intense heat. The Dehdashti and Sartipi houses serve as successful examples of sustainable architecture that provide thermal comfort through the use of earthen walls and designs compatible with the hot and dry climate. Earthen materials play a crucial role due to their high thermal capacity, insulation properties, and breathability. Both houses have harmonized with local climatic conditions through the application of indigenous architectural principles and local materials. The research employs a quantitative and descriptive-analytical methodology, utilizing software such as AutoCAD, Rhino, and Design Builder for data analysis. Ultimately, the findings indicate that most historical buildings in these areas are constructed from high thermal capacity earthen materials, with an assessment of occupant dissatisfaction hours also conducted for these two houses.https://www.ijumes.com/article_723020_cc712a708e8890e2a0ea8d08a941a9d7.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286220250419Computer-aided architectural construction using parametric design methods (Case study: Constructing scale models)18719972289510.22034/ijumes.2025.2056587.1300ENAhmadrezaSameniPhD student in Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Tehran South Branch, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Department of Architecture, Tehran, Iran.ZhilaRezakhani2. Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Tehran South Branch, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Department of Architecture, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-3153-0042AlirezaKarimpourAssistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Department of Architecture, Tehran, Iran.0000-0003-3562-0077RouhollahZaboliAssociate Professor, Health Services Management Department, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatullah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0002-6512-7278Journal Article20250111Technological advancements in the field of architecture, particularly in the areas of parametric design and computational optimization processes, have continued to evolve utilizing digital fabrication methods to create new scalable models. Digital fabrication, defined as a process utilizing CNC machines, 3D printers, and laser cutting, has been recognized as a digital manufacturing process. The use of digital fabrication techniques not only opens up new avenues for innovation in architectural design but also enhances performance and efficiency in construction. These transformations have not only impacted the architectural industry but also brought about significant effects on social and economic levels, fostering remarkable developments in the interaction between architects and technology. With a belief in creating more accurate scalable models and faster construction speeds, this technology offers conveniences in architectural construction. The objectives of this study include architectural construction using computer-aided design and parametric design methods, generating parametric scalable models, and developing appropriate methods for teaching digital fabrication. The research methodology is both goal-oriented and involves data collection from a case study branch. Data collection is done through a closed-ended questionnaire, conducted on 111 undergraduate architecture students, utilizing a convenience sampling method. The results indicate that while digital fabrication offers advantages, it also poses challenges in the architectural education domain. Overall, this research emphasizes the importance of empowering students and educators in this field as a case study in teaching and enhancing digital fabrication skills and architectural model construction.https://www.ijumes.com/article_722895_e622200ca051b0ea9d9b83139d1d94c7.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286220251215Evaluation of social indicators of a healthy city with a comparative approach of new and old urban fabric (Case study: Naeen city)20021671906910.22034/ijumes.2024.2046786.1272ENBaharehSajadi NainiPh.D. student, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Civil, Art and Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,
Tehran, Iran.HamidMajediProfessor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Civil, Art and Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,
Tehran, IranZahra Saadat SaeedeZarabadiAssosiated Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Civil, Art and Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad
University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240801Many Iranian cities are facing social and economic inequalities due to the destruction of the urban environment, and accordingly, the old urban contexts have lost their original identity. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the social indicators of a healthy city in the new and old contexts of the city of Naeen. The type of the present research is descriptive-analytical and applied in purpose. The research paradigm is also interpretive and the data collection method is documentary and library. The present research method was based on content analysis. First, 27 factors were extracted in the effectiveness of the social index with the healthy city approach in the sample. This was done using the fuzzy Delphi method in three rounds using a questionnaire and using the Google Pot tool using 15 elites. Finally, 12 indicators were confirmed in the final round, and then the population, education, and social participation indicators were finalized with an average score of 4.44, 4.45, and 4.54, respectively. In the next stage, each of the indicators was evaluated in the old and new context of Naeen using a qualitative questionnaire. The findings indicate that the new context had a higher score in the population and education index with a score of 35.71 and 33.74, but the old context had a higher score in the social participation index with a score of 33.33. The conclusion is that the new context, with an average score of 33.12412, is a healthier context.https://www.ijumes.com/article_719069_52741871970db36c621ed86381cf3864.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286220250419Identifying the challenges and obstacles affecting integrated urban management in Tehran Municipality21723072289110.22034/ijumes.2025.2046425.1270ENAliYaghoubiDepartment of Urbanism & Restoration, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0009-0000-6204-1498VarazMoradi MasihiDepartment of Urbanism & Restoration, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-1098-8879MahmoodRahimiDepartment of Urbanism & Restoration, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250112This research explores the challenges and obstacles impacting integrated urban management in Tehran Municipality using an exploratory-analytical approach to identify and prioritize the influencing factors. The study involved a sample of 300 participants selected from a population of over 1,300 senior, middle, and junior managers, as well as experts from Tehran Municipality and other administrative organizations, utilizing systematic and simple random sampling methods. Data analysis was conducted through exploratory factor analysis and the non-parametric Friedman test using SPSS software. The exploratory factor analysis identified five primary factors affecting integrated urban management: integrating and coordinating duties within a common framework (15.6), developing a shared vision, policies, and programs (14.6), establishing monitoring mechanisms to improve administrative processes (12.2), enhancing organizational processes to modernize functions (10.1), and reforming laws and re-engineering service delivery (8.8). Together, these factors account for 75.8% of the total variance in factors influencing integrated urban management in Tehran Municipality. The Friedman test results indicate that the first three factors integrating duties, developing a shared vision, and establishing monitoring mechanisms exert the most significant impact on integrated management, while enhancing organizational processes and reforming laws demonstrate the least influence.https://www.ijumes.com/article_722891_bd89a829431dbdcff614a3bc48196e65.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286220250401Investigating the components affecting the role of local government in decongesting metropolises (Case study: Tehran City)23124772848210.22034/ijumes.2025.2067391.1319ENMohammadRahmaniDepartment of Geography and Urban Planning, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranAliShakoorDepartment of Geography and Urban Planning, Marv.C., Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran0000-0002-3056-1453MajidShamsDepartment of Geography and Urban Planning, Mal.C., Islamic Azad University, Malayer, Iran0009-0002-0042-4586Journal Article20250517Local governments play a central and pivotal role in human spatial and geographical planning in urban structuring, and according to long-term plans, the amount of space occupied by humans as city residents is explained based on the type of government policies for a given area. Urban density, as an important issue, is always of interest to politicians and urban planners, and its lack of proper control leads to the accumulation of space and activity in an asymmetrical context up to the urban density. The purpose of this thesis is to explain and examine the role of urban decongestion components with regard to the pivotal role of local government in the metropolis of Tehran city. The research is analytical and has an applied purpose, but its developmental nature can be noted based on the study of concepts and the development of a multi-layered set of foundations. The method of collecting information is documentary and library, the basic concepts are first examined and then the layers of foundations are produced using the content analysis method and inductive reasoning. Subsequently, each component is explained in terms of effective indicators and is analyzed separately based on the theoretical framework of the research, and finally a structural model of the final indicators is present. The results show the impact of the indicators on the subject in the form of 54 factors, which are presented in six tables. In future studies, it is possible to examine the internal relationships of the indicators using evaluation methods.https://www.ijumes.com/article_728482_796c45a6a75e031e6a035746b83061d4.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286220250401Impact of Balcony Depth and Position on Indoor Air Quality of Apartments Located Along Urban Traffic Corridors24826472885310.22034/ijumes.2025.2069473.1322ENMohammad AliZareDepartment of Architecture, Yas.,C., Islamic Azad University, Yasuj, IranMehdiTavakoli KazeroniDepartment of Architecture Engineering, Shi.,C., Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran0000-0003-3310-9339AbdolhosseinPaknejadiDepartment of Civil Engineering, Yas.,C., Islamic Azad University, Yasuj, Iran0000-0002-9843-3976Journal Article20250601Today, traffic-related pollution in cities has become a fundamental problem, especially in large urban areas. Balcony characteristics, including shape, depth, length, height of the parapet, balcony position, and so on, have different effects on ventilation quality and the concentration of pollutants entering the building. This study evaluates the role of two variables, balcony depth and its placement, on indoor air quality. For this purpose, 12 buildings with different balcony depths and placements near a metropolitan highway were chosen as case studies and simulated using CFD. The balcony placement in the case studies includes three balcony patterns: facing the prevailing wind, facing away from the prevailing wind, and on both faces; in each pattern, four depths from 0.5 meters to 2 meters were considered for the balconies. This study employs three-dimensional steady RANS equations combined with the k-ω turbulence model to solve the equations. The results show that balconies generally reduce both wind speed and the ingress of pollutants into the indoor space compared with buildings without balconies; however, increasing balcony depth on the windward side decreases the incoming wind speed but increases the concentration of pollutants entering the building. Therefore, changes in balcony depth within this range have little effect on airflow speed or pollutant concentration entering the building; ultimately, employing balconies on both the windward and leeward sides markedly reduce wind speed and pollutant concentrations entering the building, and increasing balcony depth on this side decreases the incoming wind speed while increasing the pollutant concentration entering the building.https://www.ijumes.com/article_728853_dc8170c41b901c709ac4c1287076592a.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286220250401Investigating the effect of physical structure on the behavior of pedestrians (Case Study: Bagh-e-Feyz neighborhood)26528071831010.22034/ijumes.2024.2037049.1242ENOmidAlimaddiPh.D. Candidate, Department of Urban Planning, Ayatollah Amoly Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, IranAliShamsoddiniAssociate Professor, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, IranSabaJahangirProfessor, Management and Innovation Research Center, Ayatollah Amoly Branch, Azad University, Amol, IranJournal Article20240729Urban environments need to be designed to meet the needs of diverse groups, especially pedestrians. The Bagh-e-Feyz neighborhood faces issues such as narrow sidewalks, limited green spaces, and security concerns, which have progressively disrupted pedestrian behavior patterns. This study aims to explain the impact of the physical-spatial structure on pedestrian behavior patterns in the Bagh-e-Feyz neighborhood and to propose planning principles for improving these patterns. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, this applied research draws on theoretical foundations and relevant case studies to establish a framework for analysis. SPSS software and trained observer methods were employed to test the research question. Findings indicate that several indicators require improvement, including the separation of vehicular and pedestrian routes, the creation of dynamic neighborhood units along urban streets, the preservation of identity elements and historical buildings, attention to local materials, the enhancement of significant neighborhood landmarks, support for group activities, focus on urban walls and symbols, and ensuring perceptible physical diversity for all movement systems. This research provides recommendations for restructuring physical environments to enhance pedestrian experience and offers insights for future studies on the impact of urban design on pedestrian behavior, highlighting the necessity of pedestrian-centered urban planning.https://www.ijumes.com/article_718310_f3724fe6ec01179aed9a3b2bb245f783.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286220250401Comparative Evaluation of Physical Resilience, Connection with Nature, and Climatic Adaptability Indicators in the Architecture of First Pahlavi-Era Residential Houses (Case Studies: Ghaffari and Hakkak Houses, Kerman City, Iran)28130073307910.22034/ijumes.2025.733079ENHamidEskandariAssistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Technical and Engineering, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran0000-0003-1385-709XJournal Article20250725This study investigates residential architecture of the First Pahlavi era in the city of Kerman, examining the degree of climatic adaptability and built-form resilience within the city’s cold semi-arid climate context. Given the growing importance of reinterpreting indigenous knowledge in addressing contemporary climate challenges, the primary objective of this research is a comparative evaluation of three indicators, physical resilience, connection to nature, and climatic adaptability in two representative case studies: the Ghaffari and Hakkak Houses located within the historic urban fabric of Kerman. In terms of purpose, the research is applied, and methodologically it adopts a descriptive–analytical and comparative approach conducted through multiple case studies. Data were collected through documentary sources, field surveys, and a researcher-developed questionnaire. Indicator evaluation was carried out based on expert judgment from specialists in architecture and climate-responsive architecture. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling using the Partial Least Squares approach to examine the relationships among indicators and their level of realization in each case. The findings show that both houses follow an introverted central courtyard typology and utilize indigenous materials with high thermal mass. However, the Ghaffari House demonstrates a higher level of climatic adaptability and stronger coherence between spatial organization and climatic design strategies. The results indicate that the effectiveness of First Pahlavi-era residential architecture in climate response depended on maintaining a balance between continuity of indigenous spatial logic and modern built-form transformations. Reinterpreting these architectural experiences can inform and inspire contemporary sustainable design practices.https://www.ijumes.com/article_733079_5c88927c595b08cbe112df790d1bd624.pdf