Iranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286320250701Evaluating Urban Vulnerabilities and Post-Earthquake Recovery Seismic Resilience of Qarchak City11172707510.22034/ijumes.2025.2051779.1287ENSeyed AliRazavian AmreiDepartment of Civil Engineering, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-3344-8069ShimaTaheriDepartment of Civil Engineering, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6165-736XHosseinSamadyarDepartment of Civil Engineering, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6659-9170Journal Article20250128Qarchak city, undergoing rapid and often unregulated urban growth, faces significant seismic risk due to outdated infrastructure and poor compliance with contemporary seismic standards. This study aims to evaluate the city’s seismic resilience by identifying its most vulnerable urban components and assessing its post-earthquake recovery potential. A combined methodology using SELENA software and GIS tools was employed to analyze seismic vulnerability based on building typologies, population density, soil conditions, and land-use zoning. Risk assessments were aligned with the Iranian Seismic Code to estimate potential casualties and economic damages. The results indicate that Region 1 of Qarchak city is the most vulnerable due to its high structural fragility and dense population. Critical weaknesses in urban planning, emergency preparedness, and regulatory enforcement were identified as key contributors to the city’s heightened seismic risk. The study underscores the urgent need for urban resilience strategies, including infrastructure retrofitting, stricter enforcement of seismic codes, and enhanced community awareness. These findings offer practical insights for urban planners and policymakers. Future studies could explore dynamic modeling of post-disaster recovery scenarios and community-based risk reduction strategies.https://www.ijumes.com/article_727075_eeb614ecd60042f7e7908f2f044802f0.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286320250701Presenting a Child-Friendly City Logo Design with a Focus on Physical Activity123172919210.22034/ijumes.2025.2071098.1332ENVahidAfshoonDepartment of Physical Education, Sho.C., Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran0009-0009-4968-9025MostafaAfshariDepartment of Sport Management, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-8378-8312LenaMotalebiDepartment of Physical Education, Sho.C., Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran0009-0005-4544-5358Journal Article20250612Child-friendly city is one of the urban planning theories, in line with allocating citizenship rights to children and addressing their demands and needs, with the aim of creating an opportunity for children to shape or change their surrounding environment. The aim of the present study is to present a model for developing child-friendly urban spaces with an emphasis on play and sports. The present study will be a mixed-method study from the perspective of the applied objective, qualitative in terms of the nature of the data, and mixed-method study and exploratory in terms of the implementation method, and will use interviews. The statistical population of the study includes all professors, experts, specialists, and expert professors active in the field of sports management and children's sports specialists, as well as professors in the field of urban planning and development in Iran. In qualitative content analysis, data collection and analysis are consciously carried out simultaneously, and primary data collection is carried out in order to form a continuous data collection process that provides opportunities for the researcher to increase the adequacy of appropriate categories. MAXQDA software version 2020, which was published in 2020, will also be used to conduct the aforementioned analyses. The findings of the study showed that how children participate in sports and physical activities is a complex issue in which many factors are involved.https://www.ijumes.com/article_729192_71e413db2b52a0b8cbeac2b7404353e8.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286320250701Analysis of the performance of non-structural building components against blast waves with emphasis on the behavior of glass and window frames in improving design324972981910.22034/ijumes.2025.2072365.1336ENMehdiMoharrami Sham AsbiB.Sc., Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-2334-380XJournal Article20250628The threat of blast waves and their effects on modern buildings is recognized as one of the critical issues in the field of architecture and engineering, to the extent that the possibility of human casualties from these explosions is felt to be excessive. This study analyzes the performance of non-structural building components against blast waves and focuses on the behavior of glass and window frames as key factors in facade protection. The aim of this research is to explain the framework of the main indicators involved in the behavior of glass materials and window frames when a blast wave occurs and impacts the building facade. The present article is of an analytical type that has an applied and developmental purpose. First, by reviewing the basics, key topics were formulated in the form of concepts such as energy distribution, stress concentration and failure mechanisms in the facade; in the next step, inferential analyses and the principles obtained from the behavior in multilayered glasses, frame connections and surface coatings are collected and combined in a calibrated manner with a hypothetical structure to present a conceptual framework. The research findings indicate that the main indicators involved in the subject should be examined in the form of facade safety. As a result, a design decision-making framework that combines material selection, safe detailing, and implementation recommendations for improving facade sustainability has been presented, which demonstrates the high importance of policymaking and establishing rules for careful supervision of the implementation of glass facades and window frames by creating a management structure in organizations such as the engineering system.https://www.ijumes.com/article_729819_5e37a4416e38347624db225f592befbb.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286320250701Exploring the Relationship between Sense of Presence and Sense of Place in Dematerialized Architectural Spaces: A Multidisciplinary Review506272856510.22034/ijumes.2025.2041696.1259ENSeyedeh MastourehMousaviDepartment of architecture, Azad Islamic University Central Branch, Tehran, Iran0009-0008-7303-3942VahidShali AminiDepartment of Architecture, Azad Islamic University Central Branch, Tehran, IranMehdiKhakzandUrban Planning, Faculty of Architecture and Landscape, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-9390-3433MortezaRahbarSchool of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, IranParisaAlimohammadiDepartment of Architecture, Azad Islamic University Central Branch, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240922The creation of a sense of place is a fundamental goal in architecture, shaping how individuals perceive and connect with their surroundings. As architectural practices transition into dematerialized spaces, traditional approaches face challenges in defining and fostering this concept. In Human-Computer Interaction, the “sense of presence” describes the user’s experience of being in a virtual environment; however, its relationship to the sense of place remains ambiguous. This review aims to explore and differentiate these concepts within the context of virtual environments by synthesizing insights from architecture, psychology, and cognitive science. A systematic review methodology was employed, drawing from peer-reviewed articles published between 2018 and 2024 across architecture, HCI, and cognitive science databases. Studies were selected based on relevance to multisensory feedback, presence, place-making, and virtual experience design. Data were extracted, thematically analyzed, and synthesized to build a coherent framework linking presence, place, and multisensory interaction. The analysis reveals that multisensory techniques, specifically visual, auditory, and haptic feedback significantly enhance the sense of presence, fostering deeper emotional and cognitive engagement. However, critical gaps persist, including limited cross-sensory integration, a lack of longitudinal studies evaluating the durability of presence, and insufficient inclusivity for diverse user populations. This review provides a conceptual framework advocating for personalized, inclusive, and multisensory approaches to virtual environment design. By bridging architectural theory and HCI, the study highlights the need for sustainable strategies that transform dematerialized spaces into meaningful environments deeply connected to human experience. These findings have significant implications for advancing the use of virtual environments in education, therapy, and entertainment sectors.https://www.ijumes.com/article_728565_e0c3c81806a64091324b145daabe05e1.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286320250701Explaining the conceptual model of the impact of the cultural component on the formation of behavioral patterns and spatial structure of vernacular architecture638072948510.22034/ijumes.2025.2070795.1330ENImanAbdian TalzaliPh.D. Candidate, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, IranHadiKeshmiriAssociate Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran0000-0001-9992-0090Ali AkbarHeidariAssociate Professor, Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad university, Yasuj, Iran0000-0001-7480-2848Journal Article20250528Culture and behavioral characteristics in a civilization are crystallized in architecture, and vernacular architecture is a turning point of great importance in human cultural attitudes. Behavioral patterns and spatial structure are issues that have the greatest impact on vernacular architecture. The research method of the present study is analytical and is considered to be a development goal, and considering the type of investigation of basic concepts, it is also considered fundamental research. The research paradigm is interpretive and the research design is qualitative. The method of collecting information and data is library and documentary. First, considering the investigation of basic concepts of behavioral patterns, spatial structure, and native architecture, the content analysis method was used, and then the effect of cultural components based on the subject and the intervention of the three main concepts was analyzed using the inductive reasoning method, and finally, based on the categorized information, the model of effective factors and the theoretical framework of the research are presented. The research findings show that 10 main cultural sub-components affect the behavioral pattern and spatial structure of indigenous architecture, which are mostly consistent with culture, indigenous identity, language, social scale, and social structure. The conclusion is also based on the structural model of the factors involved in the sub-components, indicating the high importance of the cultural component in the transformation of the pattern and spatial structure in architecture. In future studies, the internal relationships of the factors and the indexes affecting the research topic can be investigated.https://www.ijumes.com/article_729485_3cc1ff3ee8f4db20e4e9145e65878045.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286320250701A Study on Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping to Analyze Factors that Impact the Model of VitalA Vitality Effects in University Educational Environments with a Focus on Promoting Students’ ity Self-ActualizationSelf-Actualization819773230210.22034/ijumes.2025.2077266.1343ENFarzanehZolfaghariDepartment of Architecture, Taf.C. , Islamic Azad University, Tafresh , Iran0009-0000-2357-6692MohsenKameliDepartment of Architecture, Sav.C., Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran0000-0001-9592-6882MitraKalantariDepartment of Architecture, Taf.C., Islamic Azad University, Tafresh, Iran0000-0002-9696-9988Journal Article20250909Improving the quality of education and developing individual and collective talents requires university educational environments that serve as platforms for students' scientific and social growth. Despite the importance of this issue, accurate recognition of the factors affecting vitality and the complex interactions between them in the university environment still requires systematic and scientific research. Given this necessity, this study examines and analyzes the factors affecting the model of the effects of vitality in university educational environments, and the main goal of the study is to identify key factors affecting the increase in vitality and examine their role in promoting students' self-actualization. In this regard, the study, emphasizing the interaction between the dimensions of vitality and the educational environment, tries to provide a framework for the effective management of these factors. The research method is analytical and the purpose is applied. The method of collecting information is documentary and library. First, using the fuzzy cognitive mapping method, modeling of research components was carried out, and also in order to increase the accuracy of the analysis, the conceptual framework of the DPSIR model was combined with PLS-SEM model. The findings indicate positive bidirectional relationships between environmental and spatial components, negative bidirectional relationships with activity components, and negative unidirectional relationships with self-actualization. The results indicate that managing and strengthening social components, due to their greatest impact and influence over other factors, is vital for promoting students' self-actualization and improving vitality in educational environments.https://www.ijumes.com/article_732302_8edac67163e2c37b4627911cf3b413e2.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286320250701Presenting the conceptual model of the entrepreneurial city with emphasis on the components of the creative city9811773072910.22034/ijumes.2025.2072195.1334ENMoustafaHadavand MirzaeePh.D. Candidate, Department of Urban Planning, Qa.C., Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran0000-0002-7784-2922VahidBigdeli RadAssociate Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Qa.C., Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran0000-0002-6381-2749MohammadrezaKhatibiAssociate Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Qa.C., Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran0009-0008-9949-9185Journal Article20250725Today, urban entrepreneurship is considered as a basic approach for the development of the participation of the private sector and public institutions and non-governmental organizations, and it will be a basis for strengthening the private sector. Reviewing the definitions of various researchers on the subject of the entrepreneurial city, show that this concept is not only an economic environment designed for entrepreneurs, but also a complex and multidimensional ecosystem that includes cooperation between institutions, social innovation, and adapting to global challenges. The main objective of the research is to present a conceptual model for the entrepreneurial city based on the components of the creative city. This research is a qualitative research in terms of method, an applied research in terms of purpose, and a descriptive-analytical research in terms of nature. The conceptual model presented in two parts of creative city and entrepreneurial city components and including 4 main sub-components of multi-level creative governance, business environment, economic diversity and dynamism and creativity and socio-cultural coexistence was created. Entrepreneurial cities, relying on appropriate infrastructure, facilitating laws, entrepreneurial culture, and access to financial and human resources, strive to become innovation hubs and economic growth engines. This process faces many challenges and obstacles in various dimensions, including economic, social, cultural, legal and managerial. By accurately identifying and analyzing these obstacles, it is possible to provide appropriate solutions to overcome them and provide the basis for the development of entrepreneurial cities.https://www.ijumes.com/article_730729_9c4d6ac451cdc6e7aaf6e74b00132323.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286320250701Toward a Philosophical Understanding of Hegelian Historicism in Architecture11812973237110.22034/ijumes.2025.2078243.1346ENZahraDavariPh.D. Candidate in Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Ha.C., Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran0009-0008-8527-8058MohammadmehdiSoroushAssociate Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Ha.C., Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran0000-0002-1328-4247Journal Article20250901This paper explores the meaning of historicism in architecture from Hegel’s point of view. In Hegel’s holistic view, in history’s existence up to the “History sprit” in different times leads to be titlesd as “History act”. In this way of thinking about history, history is continuous and historical developments and events take place with dialectical logic. Accordingly, the understanding of architecture is possible solely through the comprehension of historical continuity and its relation to the manifestations of the World Spirit. In fact, the architecture of each era reflects a specific mode of human awareness of the self and the world, embodied in space, form, and meaning; thus, it can be considered one of the concrete aspects of the dialectical course of history. This qualitative research is based on interpretative-analytical paradigm. The results of this research show that Hegelian historicism in architecture can be considered from general and specialized views. From a general point of view, Hegelian historicism in a simple and brief expression means that all human activities, as well as architecture, are defined based on their own history. But in particular, Hegelian historicism in architecture, as an applicable methodology derived from the theory Hegel’s Zeitgeist theory. This methodology can be used to study issues related to the context and historical facilities of the period of creation of architectural works from different points of view.https://www.ijumes.com/article_732371_a137f78ab5c7f5411aed05e57ce34c5d.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286320250721Ranking the Factors Influencing the Development of Health Tourism in Iranian Cities Using the Fuzzy Analytic Network Process13014173237310.22034/ijumes.2025.2078954.1348ENPoyanRazazanDepartment of Urban Planning, Ki.C., Islamic Azad University, Kish, IranHalehHosseinpurDepartment of Urban Planning, Pardis.C, Islamic Azad University, Pardis, Iran0009-0000-7873-3835ArashVahidDepartment of Urban Planning, WT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-9617-7115Journal Article20250925Health tourism, as an emerging and strategic domain of the tourism industry, possesses significant potential for economic development, job creation, and the enhancement of urban branding. This study aims to identify and prioritize the factors influencing the development of health tourism in Iran by employing the Fuzzy Analytic Network Process FANP. The statistical population consists of operators, entrepreneurs, experts, planners, and practitioners in the field of health tourism; data were collected through questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The analysis reveals that the development of health tourism is a multidimensional process in which institutional management and policymaking play a central and guiding role. Economic, infrastructural, and technological support factors act as complementary components that, through their interactions, ensure the industry’s sustainability and competitiveness. The findings emphasize the necessity of adopting a systemic and data-driven approach, strengthening economic and urban infrastructures, enhancing human resource training, and utilizing advanced technologies to achieve sustainable health tourism development. Beyond managerial and policy implications, the results provide a foundation for comparative studies and future research in the field of multi-criteria decision-making.https://www.ijumes.com/article_732373_c4a9f764d8bc4705a952c9628b52aa49.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286320250701Development of Urban Density Model Using an Urban Ecology Approach (Case Study: District 2, Tehran Municipality)14215472255610.22034/ijumes.2025.2056710.1303ENHassanMohammadpoor ChabokiDepartment of architecture and urban planning, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0009-0006-5199-7105YousefaliZiariDepartment of architecture and urban planning, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0009-0006-5292-7192NaserEghbaliDepartment of architecture and urban planning, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0009-0008-5253-2320Journal Article20250227Rapid urban growth and uncontrolled expansion, especially in developing countries like Iran, challenge urban planning. This study aims to develop a sustainable urban density model based on an urban ecology approach, integrating governance, environmental sustainability, and spatial efficiency, with a case study in District 2 of Tehran Municipality. This applied-developmental study employs an analytical modeling approach. Data collection was carried out through documentary research and expert questionnaires. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using SPSS was used to validate the relationships between environmental factors and urban density. Reliability and validity were assessed through Cronbach’s alpha and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure. A structural model was then developed to illustrate the key environmental influences on urban density. Key factors such as green space per capita, land-use patterns, and the built environment influence urban density distribution. The findings underscore the importance of integrating ecological principles into urban planning. The proposed model provides practical recommendations for enhancing environmental resilience and sustainable growth. The study highlights the need for smart density strategies and optimizing land-use efficiency to mitigate urban densification’s negative effects. The Urban Density Model offers a framework for policymakers to promote environmental <strong> </strong>quality and sustainable urban development.https://www.ijumes.com/article_722556_c061e8eefac2ec02bd99abf0338d67e1.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286320250701Explaining the pleasant indicators of eco-architecture and its impact on residential and tourism complexes (Case Study: Yaseh-Cahy Village)155167728196ENMozhganRiahi ZanianiDepartment of Architecture, Shk.C., Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran0009-0009-1999-1493HossainMahdavipour BabakiDepartment of Architecture, Art and Architecture Faculty, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran0009-0000-7126-8635MohammadrezaEbrahimnejadDepartment of Architecture, Shk.C., Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran0009-0003-3980-6079Journal Article20250527Tourism stands as a globally essential industry that drives economic growth, creates employment, and supports regional development and sustainability. By leveraging innovative technologies, culturally meaningful design, infrastructure investment, and digital marketing, it seeks to balance environmental, cultural, and economic objectives. The notion of “delights” in tourism points to destinations with distinctive, strong appeal that shape mental images and offer competitive advantages; maintaining this appeal, however, requires careful planning and clear differentiation. The type of the present research is descriptive-analytical and is applied in purpose, at the same time, it has a developmental nature due to the study of the course of the foundations and concepts. The paradigm of the present research is interpretive and has a qualitative research design. The method of collecting information is documentary and field, and the survey method was used to collect data. First, in the first step, after examining the general concepts related to the subject, the three indicator resulting contains, human and comfortable spaces, harmony with natural and cultural environment and continuous and cohesive design are briefly examined in order to evaluate the three indicator. The aim of the present research is to explain the pleasant indicators in eco-architecture with an emphasis on tourist complexes in the village of Yaseh-Chay. The statistical population consists of 200 residents and a researcher-made questionnaire is used randomly. Findings show that average score for all three indicators is 69, 68, and 70, respectively, and consequently, the continuous and cohesive design criterion has the most importance in the pleasant components of rural architecture. The results indicate that integrated interpretation aligns with contemporary urban design research that emphasizes place-based strategies, adaptive comfort, and culturally informed ecologies, reinforcing the case for iterative, data-driven design governance that centers resident experience and environmental compatibilityhttps://www.ijumes.com/article_728196_b253893bc9c020bfe91708f7c156b99a.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286320251223Evaluation of influential factors in creating a happy city (Case Study: Mirdamad area, District 3, Tehran, Iran)16818572856310.22034/ijumes.2025.2059488.1309ENBehnazBakhtiariDepartment of Urban Planning, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran , Iran0000-0002-8796-8334PooyanShahabianDepartment of Urban Planning, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran , Iran0000-0003-2778-6982MostafaBehzadfarDepartment of Urban Design, Faculty of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-2882-694XJournal Article20250501The increase in urbanization in the world, along with the weakening of people’s happiness, is a global issue. However, in the urban area of Iran, where 3/4 of the population is urban and their happiness rank is 100 among 143 countries, it is worrying. The happy city approach is a new approach in contemporary urban planning literature that expresses people’s positive perception of the place where they live. The main issue of the research is that if we do not pay attention to the happiness frameworks and the type of policies related to it, we will witness an increase in sad and dissatisfied people and ultimately mental deterioration among city residents. And the main goal of the research is to identify the components affecting happiness in biological areas. In this regard, the first step is to identify the components affecting happiness and then evaluate these components in residential areas to determine the level of happiness in each and provide strategies. Therefore, this article examines the happy city approaches and evaluates them in the study area. The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of happiness in the Mirdamad area, located in District 3 of Tehran Municipality. Finally, the evaluable indicators were examined in the form of six main components: socio-cultural, economic-living, physical, managerial-administrative, ecological-environmental, and finally individual-psychological characteristics. These components were analyzed by developing a questionnaire, and relying on the structural equation method, the Mirdamad region was evaluated from the perspective of happiness. It was shown that all 5 components directly affect the feeling of happiness in the Mirdamad region, and changes in each can also affect other systems. In this regard, to achieve sustainable happiness in cities, additional studies should be conducted in this field, which can include considering individual and psychological frameworks, satisfaction with the prevailing life system in each area.https://www.ijumes.com/article_728563_ff6b94a4900a9b3561e379847f7822a8.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286320250701Explaining the conceptual model of the role of local government in decentralization of metropolises using thematic analysis method in Tehran city18619972941910.22034/ijumes.2025.2070819.1331ENMohammadRahmaniDepartment of Geography and Urban Planning, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranAliShakoorDepartment of Geography and Urban Planning, Marv.C., Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran0000-0002-3056-1453MajidShamsDepartment of Geography and Urban Planning, Mal.C., Islamic Azad University, Malayer, IranJournal Article20250525Decentralization of metropolises has been increasingly considered as an important strategy for creating a balance in development, economic productivity, and quality of life. The present study aimed to examine the role of local governments in decongesting metropolises. The present research method was conducted with a mixed approach. In the qualitative part, a semi-structured interview tool was used. Using the content analysis method and using MAXQDA.PRO.2022 software, data from interviews conducted with 15 academic experts were collected through three coding stages until saturation was reached through the thematic analysis. In the quantitative part, research questionnaires were distributed among 40 experts. Based on the data extracted from the questionnaire, an explanation of the conceptual model was presented. The research findings show that local governments have a direct impact on reducing urban density in the Tehran metropolis and their actions can help improve the living conditions of citizens. Effective coordination between local government departments is essential for achieving the goals of decongestion and sustainable development of urban areas. This research also concludes that the failure to strictly implement existing laws in the direction of decentralization and organization, disregard for the problematic dimensions of concentration, a one-point view of Tehran and failure to consider the urban area as a single whole, failure to simultaneously pursue organization and decentralization policies, and lack of strong will for decentralization are the most important factors in the failure of the effectiveness of decentralization and organization policies in reducing the dimensions of Tehran's issues and problems.https://www.ijumes.com/article_729419_87a684e073ab97089c2da3dfddef7bc8.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286320250701Evolution in the Figure-Ground Relationship of Public-Government Buildings in the First Pahlavi Period (Case Studies: The Museum of Ancient Iran and the Post Office Building, Tehran)20021772963410.22034/ijumes.2025.2069633.1323ENNesaHajmoradiDepartment of Architecture, Ha.C., Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, IranGholamrezaTalischiAssistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran0000-0002-0173-2719Seyed JalilMousaviDepartment of Architecture, Ha.C., Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, IranKianooshZakerhaghighiDepartment of Urban Planning, ST.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-7963-0499Journal Article20250512The rapid urban modernization developments during the first Pahlavi era, breaking away from historical patterns, transformed the physical appearance of Tehran in an unprecedented way. In the meantime, modern public buildings, as symbols of modernity, played a pivotal role in redefining the spatial organization of the city. One of the prominent manifestations of this transformation is the change in the figure-ground relationship of buildings with their urban context. The research method is a combined approach based on a comparative approach and a case study in three basic steps: identifying public government buildings built in a specific time period; analyzing the spatial configuration and evaluating the degree of physical-functional adaptation and the relationship of spatial structure with functional logic. This research aims to reveal the hidden logic of spatial organization of modernization projects, and provides an analytical framework for evaluating the physical-social effects of landmark buildings in historical contexts. The study was conducted using space syntax analysis methods, figure-ground analysis, and historical and field documentation of the sites, and in this regard, Depth-Map software was used to analyze the spatial configuration and impact of public buildings during the reform period. The findings and conclusions show that the construction of public and government buildings during the first Pahlavi period led to the strengthening of macro-connectivity in the urban context, and the increase in local connectivity and high connectivity, the continuation of cohesion and dynamism at the micro-scale are clearly visible.https://www.ijumes.com/article_729634_14da0561304915be1d97821d3a8287cb.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286320250701Identifying and prioritizing energy efficiency improvement measures in historical monuments based on the impact on heritage values (Case study: Asef Vaziri Mansion, Sanandaj)21823673237510.22034/ijumes.2025.2078442.1347ENMojdehSoroushDepartment of Architecture, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-3484-5023VahidGhobadianDepartment of Architecture, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-5040-0382ShervinMirshahzadehDepartment of Architecture, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-4862-3664Journal Article20250902Optimizing energy consumption in historic buildings is a complex task due to their unique physical characteristics and the necessity of preserving heritage values. In Iran, insufficient specialized knowledge and weak regulatory frameworks have sometimes resulted in interventions that harm the building fabric or heritage significance. This study aims to identify energy-efficiency measures applicable to historic buildings and to prioritize them based on their impact on the heritage values of the Asef Vaziri Mansion. Initially, through theoretical research and a qualitative–descriptive analytical approach, a three-level framework—consisting of main strategies, systems, and 30 commonly applied measures in Iran—was developed. Using the EFFESUS assessment framework and the Delphi technique to gather the opinions of 15 experts, the impacts of these measures on the mansion’s heritage values were evaluated according to three criteria: physical, visual, and spatial. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 27). The results indicate that user-behavior-related measures, due to having no negative impact (0.0% of the maximum possible negative impact), received the highest priority. Optimization of the domestic hot-water system (30.8%) ranked second. Conversely, the installation of shading devices, with a 74.1% impact, exhibited the greatest negative effect and therefore attained the lowest priority. Overall, the findings show that less visually intrusive measures cause less harm to heritage; however, the specific characteristics of each historic building may lead to different prioritization outcomes. Consequently, energy-oriented interventions must be selected and prioritized according to the building’s heritage values and the extent of their impacthttps://www.ijumes.com/article_732375_a14aef41e1f40eceb680019f26357a6c.pdfIranian Sustainable Building Scientific AssociationInternational Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability2538-16286320250723Analyzing the Impact of Empowerment on Enhancing the Environmental Quality of Peripheral Urban Areas Based on Social Self-Efficacy (Case Study: Imam Hadi Neighborhood, Mashhad)23725473258310.22034/ijumes.2025.2036180.1236ENNedaNaseriDepartment of Urbanism, Ma.C., Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran0009-0005-4662-0154HadiSarvariDepartment of Urbanism, Ma.C., Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-8176-9257HanaeeToktamDepartment of Urbanism, Ma.C., Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-9750-1041Ali AkbarSarvariDepartment of Economics, Ma.C., Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20240824Urban marginalization represents a fundamental challenge for city managers and planners in addressing economic social and infrastructural vulnerabilities and in many developing countries it is considered a demographic and residential crisis. The empowerment approach can be effective in enhancing environmental quality mitigating spatial heterogeneity reducing widespread urban inequalities and fostering social self efficacy. The present study aims to analyze the impact of empowerment on improving the environmental quality of peripheral neighborhoods in the Imam Hadi district of Mashhad focusing on the role of empowerment in enhancing residents quality of life. This research is analytical in nature and applied in purpose. Data were collected through documentary review and field surveys. Initially the theoretical foundations were examined followed by the development of a conceptual model and research framework. Indicators of the three components were assessed using questionnaires among a statistical population of 978 residents. The collected data were analyzed using factor analysis in LISREL software. The findings indicate that self-acceptance, competencies and skill acquisition are the most influential individual level indicators with factor loadings of 61 60 and 70 respectively while social level indicators also showed significant effects. The results suggest that in the studied context residents inward focused perspectives and the neglect of inherited employment opportunities are among the primary considerations for urban managers.https://www.ijumes.com/article_732583_03de2f4bc30f52cc0aab575b5e02511e.pdf