In recent years, rapid urbanization has led to the emergence of smart cities, which aim to enhance ecological sustainability, economic prosperity, and overall quality of life. This study investigates and analyzes the contexts of realizing smart cities in Iran using a meta-synthesis approach. After screening 216 papers, 55 were selected based on rigorous criteria and using the critical appraisal skills program. Subsequently, the final papers with a special focus on the research question were coded through MAXQDA Software. In this research, 959 codes were identified through the data extraction process. The subsequent analysis identified eight key categories, including ‘developing a native model of smart city,’ with 38 codes, ‘Information and communications technology infrastructures,’ with 113 codes, ‘managerial-institutional infrastructures,’ with 301codes, ‘capacity building in knowledge-based and innovative sectors,’ with 47 codes, ‘smart transportation,’ with 61 codes, ‘human, social, and cultural infrastructures,’ with 269 codes, ‘smart economy,’ with 48 codes, and ‘smart environment’ with 82 codes. The research results showed that although information and communications technology is considered an empowering context for Iranian smart cities, it is not necessarily the most vital factor. The implementation of “hard” infrastructures in Iranian smart cities is not enough, as the “soft” aspect of smart cities creates a real difference. The soft aspect comprises innovation in governance techniques, policy-making, as well as cultural and social topics.