The threat of blast waves and their effects on modern buildings is recognized as one of the critical issues in the field of architecture and engineering, to the extent that the possibility of human casualties from these explosions is felt to be excessive. This study analyzes the performance of non-structural building components against blast waves and focuses on the behavior of glass and window frames as key factors in facade protection. The aim of this research is to explain the framework of the main indicators involved in the behavior of glass materials and window frames when a blast wave occurs and impacts the building facade. The present article is of an analytical type that has an applied and developmental purpose. First, by reviewing the basics, key topics were formulated in the form of concepts such as energy distribution, stress concentration and failure mechanisms in the facade; in the next step, inferential analyses and the principles obtained from the behavior in multilayered glasses, frame connections and surface coatings are collected and combined in a calibrated manner with a hypothetical structure to present a conceptual framework. The research findings indicate that the main indicators involved in the subject should be examined in the form of facade safety. As a result, a design decision-making framework that combines material selection, safe detailing, and implementation recommendations for improving facade sustainability has been presented, which demonstrates the high importance of policymaking and establishing rules for careful supervision of the implementation of glass facades and window frames by creating a management structure in organizations such as the engineering system.