Construction of a device for laboratory investigation of seepage specifications different states of the Karkheh dam dam-wall

Mahbod, Ali; Saba, Hamid Reza; Yousefi Rad, Mostafa; Lajvardi, Hamid

doi:10.22034/ijumes.2024.2043838.1263

Construction of a device for laboratory investigation of seepage specifications different states of the Karkheh dam dam-wall

Document Type : Case Study

Authors

Ali Mahbod ¹

Hamid Reza Saba ²

Mostafa Yousefi Rad ³

Hamid Lajvardi ⁴

¹ Department of civil , Faculty of Earth Sciences , Islamic Azad University , Arak , Iran

² Assistant professor , Department of Civil Engineering, Tafresh University , Iran

³ Department of Geology , Faculty of Earth Sciences , Arak University of Technology , Iran

⁴ Department of Civil , Faculty of Earth Sciences, Islamic Azad University , Arak , Iran

10.22034/ijumes.2024.2043838.1263

Abstract

Earthen dams, as one of the largest earthen structures, are exposed to various failure mechanisms, some mechanisms such as cracking and hydraulic failure are created in the body of the dam, and some other mechanisms such as liquefaction, divergence and dissolution are caused by the characteristics of Geotechnical is the foundation of the region. In this research, studies were conducted to evaluate geomechanical parameters effective in the occurrence of hydraulic failure and to understand the interaction of the dam body with these parameters and to provide a safe model to reduce the risk of building earthen dams and to study how to deal with problematic foundations. Modeling of the problem was done with finite element numerical method using PLAXIS computing code. In this laboratory, by changing the mixing percentage of the dam wall materials, their effect on the behavior of the earthen dam was studied. The results showed that the laboratory results presented in this research have a good overlap with the results of the software and by using this device, it is possible to calculate the amount of seepage in each mixing design according to the dimensional analysis.

Graphical Abstract

Construction of a device for laboratory investigation of seepage specifications different states of the Karkheh dam dam-wall

Highlights

Earthen dams are exposed to various failure mechanisms, such as cracking and hydraulic failure in the body of the dam.
Studies were conducted to evaluate geomechanical parameters effective in the occurrence of hydraulic failure and to understand the interaction of the dam body with these parameters.
Modeling of the problem was done with the finite element numerical method using PLAXIS computing code.
The results showed that the laboratory results presented in this research have a good overlap with the results of the software.

Keywords

Earth dam

geotechnical

percolation test

Plaxis

water retaining wall

D'Appolonia, D.J., (1980). Soil–bentonite slurry trench cutoffs. J. Geotech. Eng. Div. 106 (4), 399–417.
Du , Y.-J.. Fan , R.-D, Krishna , Reddy , R.S. Liu , Y. Yang , Y.-L. (2015). Impacts of presence of lead contamination in clayey soil–calcium bentonite cutoff wall backfills. Applied Clay Science (108) 111–122.
Du, Y.J., Jiang, N.J., Liu, S.Y., Jin, F., Singh, D.N., Puppala, A.J., (2014a). Engineering properties and microstructural characteristics of cement-stabilized zinc-ontaminated kaolin. Geotech. J. 51 (3), 289–302.
Du, Y.J., Wei, M.L., Reddy, K.R., Liu, Z.P., Jin, F., (2014b). Effect of acid rain pH on leaching behavior of cement stabilized lead-contaminated soil. J. Hazard.Mater. 271, 131–
Evans, J., Ryan, C., (2005). Time-dependent strength behavior of soil–bentonite slurry wall backfill. In: Alshawabkeh, A., Benson, C.H., Culligan, P.J., Evans, J.C., Gross, A., Narejo, D., Reddy, K.R., Shackelford, C.D., Zornberg, J.G. (Eds.), GeoFrontiers 2005: Waste Containment and Remediation. ASCE GSP 142. ASCE, Reston, VA, pp. 1–9.
Evans, J.C., Costa, M.J., Cooley, B., (1995). The state-of-stress in soil–bentonite slurry trench cutoff walls. In: Acar, Y.N., Daniel, D.E. (Eds.), Geoenvironment 2000: Characterization, Containment, Remediation, and Performance in Environmental ASCE GSP 46. ASCE, Reston, VA, pp. 1173–1191.
Fan, R.D., Du, Y.J., Chen, Z.B., Liu, S.Y., (2013). Engineering behavior and sedimentation behavior of lead contaminated soil–bentonite cutoff wall backfills. J. Cent. South Univ. 20 (11), 2255–2262.
Fan, R.D., Du, Y.J., Liu, S.Y., Chen, Z.B., (2014b). Compressibility and hydraulic conductivity of sand/clay–bentonite backfills. In: Reddy, K.R., Shen, S.J. (Eds.), Geo-Shanghai 2014: Geoenvironmental Engineering. ASCE GSP 241. ASCE, Reston, VA, pp. 21–30.
Grim, R.E., (1968). Clay Mineralogy. 2nd ed. McGraw Hill, New York.
Hong, Z.S., Zeng, L.L., Cui, Y.J., Cai, Y.Q., Lin, C., (2012). Compression behaviour of natural and reconstituted clays. Geotechnique 62 (4), 291–301.
Horpibulsuk, S., Shibuya, S., Fuenkajorn, K., Katkan, W., (2007). Assessment of engineering properties of Bangkok clay. Can. Geotech. J. 44 (2), 173–187.
Hu, L., Wu, X., Liu, Y.,Meegoda, J.N., Gao, S., (2010). Physical modeling of air flow during air sparging remediation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44 (10), 3883–3888.
Li, Z., Katsumi, T., Inui, T., Takai, A., (2013b). Fabric effect on hydraulic conductivity of kaolin under different chemical and biochemical conditions. Soils Found. 53 (5), 680–691.
Malusis, M.A., Barben, E.J., Evans, J.C., (2009). Hydraulic conductivity and compressibility of soil–bentonite backfill amended with activated carbon. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. ASCE 135 (5), 664–672.
Malusis, M.A., McKeehan, M.D., (2013). Chemical compatibility of model soil–bentonite backfill containing multiswellable bentonite. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. ASCE 139 (2), 189–198.
Mishra, A.K., Ohtsubo, M., Li, L.Y., Higashi, T., Park, J., (2009). Effect of salt of various concentrations on liquid limit, and hydraulic conductivity of different soil–bentonite mixtures. Environ. Geol. 57 (5), 1145–1153.
Mitchell, J.K., Soga, K., (2005). Fundamentals of Soil Behavior. 3rd ed. JohnWiley and Sons Inc., New York, NY.
Rahimi, H. (2010),"Embankment Dams," University of Tehran press, Iran, 671pp.
Ruffing, D.G., Evans, J.C., Malusis, M.A., (2010). Prediction of earth pressures in soil– bentonite cutoff walls. In: Fratta, D.O., Puppala, A.J., Muhunthan, B. (Eds.), GeoFlorida (2010): Advances in Analysis, Modeling and Design. ASCE GSP 199. ASCE, Reston, VA, 2416–2425.
Sharma, H.D., Reddy, K.R., (2004). Geoenvironmental Engineering: Site Remediation,Waste Containment, and Emerging Waste Management Technologies. JohnWiley and Sons , New York.
Sivapullaiah, P., Sridharan, A., Stalin, V., (2000). Hydraulic conductivity of bentonite–sand mixtures. Can. Geotech. J. 37 (2), 406–413.
Taylor, D.W., (1948). Fundamentals of Soil Mechanics. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.
Xu, Y.S., Ma, L., Shen, S.L., Sun, W.J., (2012). Evaluation of land subsidence by considering underground structures that penetrate the aquifers of Shanghai, China. Hydrogeol. 20 (8), 1623–1634.
Xue, Q., Li, J.S., Liu, L., (2013). Experimental study on anti-seepage grout made of leachate contaminated clay in landfill. Appl. Clay Sci. 80–81, 438–442.
Yong, R.N., Ouhadi, V.R., Goodarzi, A.R., (2009). Effect of Cu2+ ions and buffering capacity on smectite microstructure and performance. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. ASCE 135 (12), 1981–1985.
Yukselen-Aksoy, Y., Kaya, A., Ören, A.H., (2008). Seawater effect on consistency limits and compressibility characteristics of clays. Eng. Geol. 102 (1–2), 54–61